The recent announcement by the Trump administration to impose a 25% tariff on India followed four months of negotiations during which New Delhi maintained a deliberately low-key approach, hoping to minimise adverse trade action from Washington.Contrary to these expectations, the tariff move was paired with additional punitive measures, including penalties on oil imports from Russia, unease over India’s role in BRICS, and demands to redirect defence purchases to the US. Together, these measures could lift the effective tariff rate well above the initial level announced in April 2025.